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E. R. STORM. CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS.

No. 524,472. Patented Aug. 14, 1894.

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' E. R. STORM.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS. o. 524,472. Patented Aug. 14, 1894.

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Witvwooeo wzrw UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN R. STORM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 524,472, dated August 14, 1894. Application filed April 3, 1893. Serial No. 468,7 76. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN R. STORM, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York .city, in the county and State of New York,

have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Buildings,

. terial selected for the exposed exterior and interior surfaces of the walls, and filling blocks for the inner part of the wall; and I provide such slabs and blocks with grooves, which are designed to receive and retain a cement, preferably a liquid mortar or grout, so that when the grout becomes set, there will be a good union between adjacent blocks and slabs. In addition to securing the blocks together in this way, I prefer to use suitable anchors of metal or other suitable material. The filling blocks are preferably of such shape as to provide air spaces within the I panying drawings, in whichwalls.

My invention is illustrated in the accom- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of wall, embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a plan view of a part of the same; Fig. 3, a perspective view of one of the slabs used for the exterior of a wall, which may on its outer surface be either plain or ornamental; Fig. 4, a perspective view of one of the slabs used for the interior of a wall, which may also be either plain or ornamental on its outer surface; Fig. 5, a perspective view of one of the filling blocks, or blocks used between the exterior and interior slabs; Fig. 6, a top view of one of these blocks; Fig. 6, a side view of one of these blocks; Fig. 7, a perspective view of the form of filling block used in the course upon which the girders or floor beams rest; Fig. 8, a perspective view of a modified form of filling block, upon which girders and floor beams rest, Fig. 9 shows the anchor m employed to assist in securing the exterior and interior slabs to the filling blocks. Fig. 10 shows an anchor employed to assistin getting adjacent slabsin line and to make a good union between them; and Fig. 11 shows a metal pin or rod employed as an anchor for girders or beams.

A indicates the foundation or footing for the wall, which may be constructed in any suitable manner. is preferably made up of three layers placed .vertically side by side, and each composed of as stone, baked clay, cement, plaster, or

metal, of any desired shape, but preferably rectangular, and, as before stated, may be plain or ornamental. The surface of the wall is composed of a suitable number of slabs B' united together at their edges as shown.

The edges of the slabs B, either wholly or at the corners, are provided with grooves a to receive the anchors b, which serve to aid in placing the slabs in line, and to assist in mechanically joining adjacent slabs. As indicated in Fig. 1, each anchor may serve to connect three slabs in line, where the slabs break joints. Such anchors may be made in various forms tomeet all requirements, both as to the form and shape of grooves in the slabs for the anchors.

O, 0 represent slabs which compose the in- The thickness of the wall 9 serve to hold the grout and provide mortises terior vertical layer of the wall, made-either plain or ornamental, and of. the same material as the slab B, or of a different material;

These slabs have grooves a, similar togrooves a. on the slabs B, and serving the same purposes. having a number of passages d tl1erein,-as shown, for the purpose of arresting dampness. These passages extend from edge'to edge of the slab, and may extend horizontally instead of vertically as illustrated.

They are preferably made hollow, or-

ICO

D and llrepresent the filling blocks, forming the third or intermediate verticallayer which may be made in various shapes and sizes, but preferably are of the shape shown, and in short lengths. The filling blocks are provided with dovetailed. grooveseand f and longitudinal slots g. The anchor-s11 engage with slots g and grooves c to aid in securing the exterior slabs to the filling blocks; and in grooves f anchors t" are mortised and engage with passages d in slabs O to aid in securing them to'the filling blocks.

Blocks D are made in such shape that when laid one upon the other in filling in a wall, preferably breaking joints, to form a bond there will be formed continuous air spaces The preferred thewhole heightof the wall. shapeis that illustrated in the drawings in which the blocks have projections k, thethe air spaces. These projections may be of? any desired length or shape. The dove-tailed grooves f of blocks D before referred to are:

formed inthe' projections 7r;

Blocks E are used as the filling blocks on the line or-cou'rse where the floorbeams or gird-' ers- Fare placed and areof such shapeas to afford a good hearing or sill for the end of the beam or girder, and at the-same time maintain-thecontinuous air spaces. The preferred shape isshown in Fig. 7.- These blocks are: notprovided with projections like blocks-D, but have the grooves e and f corresponding withthe grooves e and f in blocks D,and also 5 higher block D.

The blocks E, partly closing the ducts Z, form-a dry and ventilated sea-t for the beams, and'a floor beam or girder so seated will not be liable to either damp or dry rot. beams-are preferably secured in place by pins or'anchors n set in holes 0 in the blocks E,. the beams or girders having corresponding, holes. Securing the beams or girders-in this manner also serves to prevent the bulging or spreading of the walls.

The modified form of block E- shown in. Fig. 8,-is like blocksD except that it has 'no space Z-,.t'he block being solid and beveled inwardly at m, like the block shown in Fig. 7;

the topsandends are made either wholly or partly concave, as indicated at p, and" pro-' videdat their edgeswith raised ribs 19.

The fillingblocks, in addition to the groovese, have deeper dovetailed grooves r, which communicate with the cavities formed bythe concave surfaces ofthe blocks, through which spacesl between these projections forming the slabs may begreater or sired.

grooves the grout to fill these cavities is poured; the" grout is also poured into the space formed at 3 (see Fig. 2), between the ends of adjacent blocks. The grooves'r may be of any desiredshape, but in the preferred form are dove-tailed grooves, which reproduces a better j oint' between the filling blocks and the slabs.

All the grooves and spaces between the vblocks, except the air spaces Z, are filled with the liquid grout, mortar, or cement, the same 1; being preferably poured into such spaces as the respective courses are laid; and such material, upon hardening, holds the blocks 'together and converts the whole into a solid and substantial structure. g I In some instances, a slab G of the interior I of the wallh'as'an opening t, where" it happens that the course ofblocks- E is somewhat below'the top of aslab- 0. This, as shown in Fig. 1, will necessitate the cutting away of a portion of slab G, to admit of the'fioor beams or-girdersbeing seated upon blocks E. The

number of grooves e in the blocks and-c in less, a'smay be do What I claim is- 1. A wallihaving in combination two-or more vertical layers of blocks, having channels in the meeting sides of the blocks, cavities between the horizontal surfaces of the blocks, and cement filling said channels andcavities, substantially as setforth.

2.- Awall having in combination a vertical layer of blocks having longitudinal grooves -or'channels-in their horizontal surfaces, an za'djacent vertical layer of blocks having grooves orcha-nnelsin their'faces, anchors engaging the grooves or channels of the ver- 'tical blocks and thegrooves or channels of l? the horizontal blocks, and cement filling all the grooves or channels, substantially asset forth. seated between projections 70 of the next;

3. A wall having in combination three'vertical layers of blocks, the middle layer being blocks having projecting parts between which are recesses which form air spaces within the wall, substantiallyas set forth. The:

4. Awall having'in'combination three layers of blocks,-the-inneror middle layer being blocks having projecting parts between-which are recesses, and such blocks being situated ,with said recesses in line so as toformcon- I tinuousair spaces throughout the-wall, substantially asset forth.

5. A Wallhaving in combination outer vertical layers of blocks, and an inner vertical layer of blocks of such shape as toform continuous air spaces, those'of said inner blocks Theblocksareall' made fiatonbottom, and

at theline where floor beams are placedbeing 0f such shape as to partlyclose such air spaces, substantially as set forth.

6. A wall having in combination an outer ing channels-in their meeting surfaces, and

cement filling said channels, substantially as set forth.

7. A wall having in combination an outer layer of fiat blocks or slabs, situated with their edges together, and having channels in their faces on one side, an adjacent layerof filling blocks, having channels in their faces on both sides, an inner layer of fiat blocks or slabs having channelsin their faces adjacent to the filling blocks, and cement filling said channels, substantially as set forth.

8. A Wall having in combination an outer layer of flat blocks or slabs, situated with their edges together, and having channels in their faces on one side, an adjacent layer of filling blocks, having channels in their faces on both sides, an inner layer of flat blocks or slabs having channels in their faces adjacent tothe filling blocks, and cement filling said channels, and anchors or connecting devices joining the blocks at suitable intervals, substantially as set forth. a

9. The combination with building blocks placed with their edges abutting and having meeting grooves in said edges, of the angular anchors placed in said grooves, whereby three or more blocks are joined, substantially as set forth. 1

10. Awall havin gin combination outer vertical layers of blocks, said blocks having grooves around their edges, anchors registering in said grooves and mechanically joining adja cent blocks, channels on the inner surfaces of said blocks, filling blocks having channels on the sides adjacent to one of the outer lay ers of blocks, projections on the opposite side abutting against the other outer layer of blocks, said projections having channels formed therein, air spaces formed between said projections, and cement filling all said channels, substantially as setfonth.

11. A wall having in combination outer layers of vertical blocks, said blocks having grooves around their edges, anchors registering in said grooves and lnechanicallyjoining adjacent blocks, channels on the inner surfaces of said blocks, filling blocks having channels on the side adjacent to one of the outer layers of blocks, projections on the opposite side abutting against the other outer layer of blocks, said projections having channels formed therein, air spaces formed between said projections, longitudinal channels on the upper side of said filling blocks, anchors registering with the channels on the blocks of one outerlayer and the longitudinal channels of the filling blocks, anchors re istering with the channels on the projections of the filling blocks and the passages or holes in the blocks of the adjacent outer layer, and cement filling all the channels, substantially as set forth.

This specification signed and witnessed this 30th day of March, 1893.

" EDWIN .R. STORM.

W i th esses EUGENE CONRAN, W. PELZER. 

